Why is India where it is and how did this happen?

In the beginning. No, really. In the beginning there was a supercontinent called Pangea. This consisted of all the continents as we know them today. Imagine that all the continents are gathered at one point. Eventually, due to processes in the core of the Earth, the continents drifted apart. India, and Madagascar, broke loose from Africa. Madagascar became an island outside Africa, whilst India drifted further north. Eventually India clashed with the Eurasian plate. Today, India is still pushing towards this plate and this has

created the Himalayas.This process started some 10 million years ago.
Here, you can also watch a short clip of how this happened:
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Convergent/Continental-Collision